Johann Santini Aichel
Johann Blasius Santini Aichel | |
|---|---|
| Born | 3 February 1677 |
| Died | 7 December 1723 (aged 46) |
| Nationality | Bohemian (of Italian descent) |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Practice | Giovanni Battista Santini |
| Buildings | Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk, Church of the Assumption of Our Lady and Saint John the Baptist |
Johann Blasius Santini Aichel (Czech: Jan Blažej Santini Aichel; Italian: Giovanni Battista Santini Aichel; 3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Bohemian architect of Italian descent,[1] whose major works represent the unique Baroque Gothic style - the special combination of the Baroque and Gothic styles.
Biography
[edit]He was born on the day of Saint Blaise as the oldest son to a respectable family of Prague stonemasons (his grandfather Antonio Aichel moved from Cadempino to Prague in the 1630s) and was baptized in the St. Vitus Cathedral as Johann Blasius Aichel. He was born with extensive physical disabilities, preventing him from following in his father's footsteps.[2] He also studied painting under the Bohemian Court painter Christian Schröder.
Around 1696 he started to travel and gain experience. After his journey through Austria he arrived in Rome, where he had the possibility to meet with the work of Francesco Borromini.[3] Borromini's influence is apparent in his predilection for star-shaped forms and complex symbolism. Many of his buildings are airy and elegant, yet he was considered a maverick genius by his contemporaries and exerted little influence on subsequent generations of Bohemian architects. It was in Italy where Santini Aichel incorporated into his name his father's name, Santini.
Santini Aichel founded his architectural practice in Prague in 1703, attaining the status of a Burgher of Prague in 1705. He bought and rebuilt the Valkounsky House in the same year. Santini married Schröder's daughter, Veronica Elisabeth, in 1707. They had four children, but all three sons died from tuberculosis at an early age; the only child left was Anna Veronika (born 1713). Santini's wife died seven years later and he remarried a South Bohemian noblewoman, Antonia Ignatia Chrapická of Mohliškovice, whereby Santini was ennobled. Daughter Jana Ludmila and son Jan Ignác Rochus were born from this marriage.
Santini Aichel died at 46, having built over 100 buildings in his twenty-year career, but leaving some unfinished. Although he had become a well-regarded collaborator of Bohemia's greatest noble families and monastic orders, his original, eclectic style had few successors or imitators.[4]
The asteroid 37699 Santini-Aichl is named in his honor.
Works
[edit]- Monastery Church of the Assumption of Our Lady and Saint John the Baptist in Sedlec u Kutné Hory (reconstruction, 1703–1708, World Heritage Site)
- Chapel of Saint Anne in Panenské Břežany (1705–1707)
- Pilgrimage Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary and Cistercian Provost Office in Mariánská Týnice (1707–1710)
- Convent of the Cistercian Monastery in Plasy (reconstruction, 1711–1723)
- Monastery Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary, St Wolfgang and St Benedict in Kladruby (1711)
- Monastery Church of the Nativity of Virgin Mary in Želiv (reconstruction, 1714–1720)
- Pilgrimage Church of the Name of Virgin Mary in Křtiny (1718)
- Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk on Zelená hora in Žďár nad Sázavou (1719–1727, World Heritage Site)
- Karlova Koruna Chateau in Chlumec nad Cidlinou (1721–1723)
- Church of Saint Wenceslaus in Zvole (reconstruction)
- Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Horní Bobrová (1714)
- Church of the Visitation of Virgin Mary in Obyčtov
- Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Netín
- Provost Church of St Peter and Paul in Rajhrad (1721)
- Initial architect for the rebuilding of Zbraslav chateau
- Design and constructions of the Kalec chateau
- Reconstruction of Valkounsky House (No.211-III) in Prague - Malá Strana (after 1705)
Gallery
[edit]-
Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk on Zelená hora, a World Heritage Site -
Ground plan of the church on Zelená hora -
Church of St. Wenceslaus in Zvole -
Monastery Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary, St Wolfgang and St Benedict in Kladruby -
Convent of the Cistercian Monastery in Plasy complex -
Interior of the Convent of the Cistercian Monastery in Plasy -
Pilgrimage Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary and Cistercian Provost Office in Mariánská Týnice -
Karlova Koruna Chateau in Chlumec nad Cidlinou -
Original 18th century drawing of Provost Church of St Peter and Paul in Rajhrad by Santini -
Stairs of the Church of the Assumption of Our Lady and Saint John the Baptist, Sedlec
References
[edit]- ^ "Abecední slovník".
- ^ "300 years since death of great Czech architect Jan Blažej Santini Aichel". Radio Prague International. 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
- ^ Fleming, John, et al. (1972) The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
- ^ Gold, Susan (1984). "Johann Blasius Santini-Aichel: a Gothic-Baroque Architect in Bohemia 1677-1723" (PDF). Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society / The Journal of Historic Buildings & Places. 29.
2. HORYNA, Mojmír J. B. Santini-Aichel – Život a dílo. Karolinum, Praha 1998, ISBN 80-7184-664-3.
3. KALINA, Pavel. In opere gotico unicus: The Hybrid Architecture of Jan Blazej Santini-Aichel and Patterns of Memory in Post-Reformation Bohemia.Praha: UMENI-ART 58.1 (2010): 42-+.
4. YOUNG, Michael. Santini-Aichel'S Design for the Baroque Convent at the Cistercian. New York: Columbia, 1994.
External links
[edit]
- Santini-Aichel: life, work and architecture at the Wayback Machine (archived February 25, 2008)
